Adaptation de la production de viande bovine aux systèmes extensifs d'élevage

Adaptation of beef production to extensive farming systems

The main characteristics of extensive beef farming systems are described, as observed under French conditions, with the possible adaptations of the stock and of herd management. Present European and national contexts prescribe the limitation of production and of production costs, the improvement of meat quality, and an increase in labour efficiency. Observations on extensive French beef systems serve as an illustration. Their stocking rates are relatively low (0.9 LU per ha against 1.3-1.5 LU for the average local rate) ; it is linked with an increase in farm size and in herd size and with lower operational costs (fertilizers). In these extensive systems, the level of individual animal performances is maintained, as are incomes per animal or per worker. The observed differences in herd and pasture management are explained by the changes set up as goals, which include diversified products and improved meat quality.
Studies are in progress to simplify herd management and to adapt herds, taking into account the animals' own characteristics. Others studies try to adapt the requirements of the stock to the availability of feed (e.g. by changing the calving period). The obtention of new products is also being tested. High quality meat can be obtained from aged cattle with systems based on grass and forage.
Management can be simplified through the effects of batching on animal performances. There are many ways in which herd and forage management can be adapted to extensive farming conditions in the case of beef production.